Integrates the body and mind, recognising the importance of somatic experiences, emotions, and nervous system regulation in healing.

Relies heavily on talk-based and cognitive-behavioral therapies, which prioritize changing thoughts and behaviours.

Supports the individual’s innate ability to heal, emphasising self-empowerment and natural recovery processes.

Relies on external interventions, such as medications or structured therapies, to manage symptoms.

Relies on external interventions, such as medications or structured therapies, to manage symptoms.

Avoids physical contact, often due to clinical boundaries and fear of liability.

Seeks to uncover and address root causes of suffering, focusing on holistic and lasting transformation

Aims to suppress or manage symptoms to restore functionality.

Avoids labels, offering validation and understanding of individual experiences without judgment or categorisation.

Frames mental health struggles within diagnostic categories, often leading to stigma and self-identification with a label.

Encourages volunteers to act as equals, in service to others, fostering a sense of mutual respect and collaboration.

Positions professionals as authorities with power over the treatment process.

Values lived experience as equally important to professional knowledge, encouraging peer-led support and shared wisdom.

Prioritises knowledge from experts and academics, often disregarding personal insights.

Built on voluntary contributions and acts of giving, ensuring inclusivity and removing financial barriers.

Operates as a professional service, with treatment tied to fees and access determined by financial resources.

Openly shares knowledge, tools, and practices to empower communities and foster collective learning.

Proprietary methods and tools are closely guarded, often limiting access and innovation.

Rooted in communities, offering accessible, informal, and integrated support within everyday environments.

Centres treatment in clinical or institutional settings, often disconnected from real-life contexts.

Cultivates a sense of abundance through mutual aid, shared resources, and community resilience

Operates from a perspective of limited resources, creating competition for access.